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Arsenal enjoyed the lion's share of possession, along with the most attempts and corners, but this all seemed destined to count for nothing.However, Martinelli was introduced in the 80th minute and chipped the ball over goalkeeper Gianluigi Donnarumma in added time to salvage a point for the title challengers.
The 24-year-old's crucial strike made Guardiola's defensive changes in the closing quarter-hour appear premature, as Martinelli left the popular manager looking stunned on the touchline.
And this played straight into Liverpool's hands, as they opened up a five point gap at the top of the table.
However, there is one person who always stood in the Brazilian's corner in being a top talent - and it was actually an opposition manager that brought much success to Merseyside.
He's an incredible striker, so it's really difficult.
"He's really unbelievable.
I didn't want to put any backpack [pressure] on his back with this thing but I just really like good football players and obviously he's a very good one."
Since that time, the Brazilian winger has scored 53 goals and provided 30 assists across 230 appearances for the Gunners, claiming an FA Cup and Community Shield triumph.
However, the substitute's clever finish past Donnarumma clinched the draw for the Gunners, maintaining their involvement in the early title race with Liverpool this campaign.
Manager Arteta praised the 24-year-old, as he said: "We had very good momentum, and we needed to time that well.
"He's in a really good moment again after the game he had in Bilbao and that period of time probably he deserved more, but his energy again, his attitude was really good and that's why he made the impact that he made again for the team."
Reflecting on Martinelli's impact after just 13 minutes of action, Arteta added: "We want consistency on that, for every player that doesn't start the game to be able to do that, because you see how long the match is and the level that it requires to beat them, and we're very happy with him."
Arsenal now sit five points behind the Reds in the Premier League table after five games, with Arne Slot's side continuing their flawless run in all competitions so far this season.
Arteta's attention now turns to a Carabao Cup third round journey to League One outfit Port Vale on Wednesday, followed by a Premier League encounter away to Eddie Howe's Newcastle next weekend.
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The Reds will take on Championship side Southampton in Tuesday's Carabao Cup tie, before a trip to Selhurst Park to face Crystal Palace in the Premier League, as they aim to keep the Gunners at bay domestically.